There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters, upward flow sand filters and slow sand filters. All three methods are used extensively in the water industry throughout the world.

The first two require the use of flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand filters can produce very high-quality water with pathogens removal from 90% to >99% (depending on the strains), taste and odour without the need for chemical aids.

Sand filters can, apart from being used in water treatment plants, be used for water purification in singular households as they use materials which are available for most people.